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Patient engagement: An approach to involve patients, families, and/or patient partners in: 1) Their own healthcare; 2) The design, delivery, evaluation of health services; 3) A way that fits their circumstances聽

Patient partner (or advisor): An individual who experienced care in the healthcare system (as a patient, family member or caregiver) and who, as part of a patient group (e.g., patient/family council), engages in shaping decisions, policies, and/or practices at all system levels.聽

Patient representative: An employee working in a healthcare setting who helps patients and families with their specific concerns, and answers their questions while in a healthcare facility. This person is the link between patients/ families, and providers/organizations.聽聽

Person (Patient, family) Centred Care: An approach to care where patients and healthcare professionals partner to: 1) Give patients a voice in the design and delivery of the care and services they receive; 2) Allow patients to be proactive in their healthcare journey for better health outcome; and 3) Improve the experience of patients聽

Patient empowerment (or activation): Helping patients gain control over their own lives and increase their capacity to act on issues that they themselves define as important. Aspects of empowerment include self-efficacy, self-awareness, confidence, coping skills, and health literacy.聽聽

Patient experience: The sum of all interactions, shaped by an organization's culture, that influence patient perceptions, across the continuum of care.聽

Patient safety: The pursuit of the reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the health care system, as well as the use of best practices shown to lead to optimal patient outcomes. Patient safety is one of the dimensions of quality.聽聽

Providers (or clinicians): Includes physicians, nurses, and allied health care professionals who directly provide healthcare services to patients. The term does not include the family members providing care (family caregivers or care partners).聽

Quality of care: The degree to which healthcare services produce the desired health outcomes and measure up to current evidence and knowledge. The attributes most often used to describe quality care are safe, patient-centred, accessible, appropriate, effective, efficient, and equitable. Each province or organization may have their own quality frameworks.聽聽聽

Quality Improvement: A systematic approach to making changes that lead to better patient outcomes and stronger health system performance. It involves applying quality improvement science, which provides a robust structure, tools, and processes to assess and accelerate efforts for testing, implementing, and spreading good practices.聽

厂迟补办别丑辞濒诲别谤:听 A person who has a vested interest in engagement outcomes and who could be affected by any decisions taken or changes made. Stakeholders could include: patients, families, caregivers, providers, administrative staff, suppliers, organizational partners, the community, the public and others.聽

Genetic counsellor: A health care provider who helps people understand how genes and family history may affect their or their children's health. We explain complex genetic information in simple terms, discuss testing options and results, and support families in informed decision-making.

Variant/Mutation: A change in a person鈥檚 DNA that can affect how their body grows or develops. Some changes have no effect, while others can cause diseases or traits to appear.

Neuron: A specialized cell in the brain and nervous system that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.聽

Synapse: The tiny gap between two neurons where chemical signals are transmitted.

Neurotransmitter: A chemical messenger that carries signals between neurons.

Brain scan/imaging: Technologies used to visualize the structure, function, or chemistry of the brain.

MRI: A non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to create detailed pictures of the brain.

Cognitive function: Mental processes, including thinking, memory, attention, language, and problem-solving.

Memory: The brain's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences.

Gray matter: Brain tissue containing neuron cell bodies, responsible for processing information.

White matter: Brain tissue containing nerve fibers that connect different brain cells and regions.

Brain activity: The electrical and chemical signals occurring in the brain during various functions.

Inflammation: The body's immune response to injury or disease, which can affect brain tissue.

Gene: A segment of DNA that contains instructions for making proteins.

Brain development: The process by which the brain grows and matures from conception through adulthood.

Aging: The gradual biological changes that occur over time, affecting brain structure and function.

Biomarker: A measurable biological indicator of disease, condition, or treatment response.

Diagnosis: The identification of a disease or condition based on symptoms, tests, and examinations.

Prognosis: The predicted course and outcome of a disease or condition.

Intervention: An action taken to improve a health condition or prevent it from worsening.

Side effect: An unintended effect of a medication or treatment, in addition to the desired effect.

Dose: The specific amount of medication or treatment given at one time.

PhD: Doctor of Philosophy

Graduate student: A student pursuing an advanced degree (Master's or PhD) after completing undergraduate studies.

Postdoctoral fellow/Postdoc: A researcher with a PhD who is conducting additional training before becoming an independent researcher.

Trainee: A student or early-career researcher receiving education and training in research.

Principal Investigator (PI): The lead scientist responsible for designing and conducting a research project.

Supervisor: A senior researcher who guides and oversees the work of students or junior researchers.

Lab/Laboratory: A facility equipped for scientific research, experiments, and testing.

Hypothesis: A testable prediction or proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem.

Research question: A specific question that a study aims to answer through investigation.

Clinical trial: A research study that tests new treatments or interventions in human volunteers.

Control group: A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested, used for comparison.

Placebo: An inactive substance given to a control group to compare against the actual treatment.

Model: A simplified system (such as animals or cells) used to study disease or test treatments.

Correlation: A statistical relationship between two variables that tend to change together.

Risk factor: A characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.

Peer review: The evaluation of research by other experts in the field before publication.

Translational research: Research that translates basic scientific discoveries into practical applications for patients.

Basic research: Fundamental scientific investigation aimed at understanding how things work, without immediate practical application.

Sources:

1. Healthcare Excellence Canada ()听
2. Dana Foundation ()听