The Academic Integrity tutorial on Minerva also asks students to determine if a number of examples of quotation, paraphrasing, and summarizing are appropriate.
Examples 1-4, below, refers to the following text.
"The most famous exams in medieval monasteries were the Lentine. Each Benedictine monk had to read a specific book during Lent and had to pass an exam on it. The exams eventually became formalized, public affairs. All brothers assembled in the chapter house. The bookkeeper read the name of each monk. When called, one by one, each monk placed the book he read on the carpet. The prior or his designate took the book in hand, and publicly examined the brother on it. If the brother did not pass, he had to reread the book."
Clark, William. 2006. Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University. University of Chicago Press, 96.
Example 1
According to Clark (2006), oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. The most famous exams in medieval monasteries were the Lentine. Each Benedictine monk had to read a specific book during Lent and pass an exam on it. All brothers assembled in the chapter house. The bookkeeper read the name of each monk. When called, one by one, each monk placed the book he had read on the carpet. The prior or his designate took the book in hand, and publicly examined the brother on it. If the brother did not pass, he had to reread the book. Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Is this appropriate?
No, this is not appropriate.
You need quotation marks where the text is word for word. Done correctly, the above example would be:
According to Clark (2006), oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. "The most famous exams in medieval monasteries were the Lentine. Each Benedictine monk had to read a specific book during Lent and had to pass an exam on it. All brothers assembled in the chapter house. The bookkeeper read the name of each monk. When called, one by one, each monk placed the book he read on the carpet. The prior or his designate took the book in hand, and publicly examined the brother on it. If the brother did not pass, he had to reread the book." Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Example 2
According to Clark (2006), oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. The Lentine exams were the most well-known exams in medieval monasteries. During Lent, each monk had to read a specific book and pass an exam on it. Once all the monks were assembled in the chapter house, the bookkeeper read their names. When called, each monk placed his book on the carpet. The examiner took the book and examined the monk publicly. The monk had to reread the book, if he did not pass. Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Is this appropriate?
No, this is not appropriate. There is minor paraphrasing but it is too close to the original.
Done correctly, the above example would be:
According to Clark (2006), oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. The Lentine exams were "the most [well-known] exams in medieval monasteries." During Lent, "each monk had to read a specific book" and "pass an exam on it." Once all the monks were "assembled in the chapter house [,t ]he bookkeeper read [their] name[s]....When called, each monk placed [his] book..on the carpet." The examiner "took the book..and publicly examined the [monk]...If the [monk] did not pass, he had to reread the book." Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Example 3
Oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. For example, one can trace the tradition of oral exams back to medieval monasteries where the well-known Lentine exams were held. Over the period of Lent, monks were required to read a book. At the time of the examination, all monks gathered and were examined orally in front of their peers. Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Is this appropriate?
No, this is not appropriate. There is a good summary, but no reference.
Example 4
Oral academic exams have been part of education for many years. For example, according to Clark (2006), one can trace the tradition of oral exams back to medieval monasteries where the well-known Lentine exams were held. Over the period of Lent, monks were required to read a book. At the time of the examination, all the monks gathered and were examined orally in front of their peers. Such oral exams have become a central part of graduate education.
Is this appropriate?
Yes, there is a good summary and includes a reference.
Example 5
Canada extends from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. It covers 9,984,670 square kilometers (3,854,085 sq. mi.), 8.92% of which is water. Its population is 33,435,000 (2008 estimate).
Is this appropriate?
No, this is not appropriate. Since this information is beyond common knowledge - except for the "ocean to ocean" part - this must be cited, even if used for a PowerPoint® presentation. Done correctly, the above example would include official government data sources such as Natural Resources Canada for the area and Statistics Canada for the population:
Natural Resources Canada, , (6 April 2010).
Statistics Canada, , (6 April 2010).
Many instructors would not accept a source such as:
Wikipedia (21 November 2008).
Example 6
Montreal is situated on the St. Lawrence River in the province of Quebec. It is known for its multicultural population and its vibrant nightlife as well as for its long winters and summer festivals.
Is this appropriate?
Yes, this is appropriate as long as it is in your own words.
